Review+Sheet+of+Classical+Appeals+and+the+5+A's

//Review Sheet of Classical Appeals and the 5 A's// To present an effective argument, the website has to be respected by the visitor as a credible source. Sometimes websites appeal to their own expertise on the issue, or highlight moral or ethical issues they think are important, or appeal to concepts like patriotism, or they might appeal to the website visitor’s sense of what is true, good, ethical, moral, and so forth.
 * Ethos: Credibility**

When a website uses facts, statistics, logical or scientific reasoning, or something like common sense, they are using logos. Be careful in evaluating logical reasoning. Ask yourself whether other factors contributed to or detracted from the website’s conclusion.
 * Logos: Logic and Reason**

Pathos is intended to elicit a specific emotional response from website visitors. Emotional appeals are a very broad category, and you should always consider to which specific emotion(s) the author is appealing. Some common emotions that are appealed to are sympathy, empathy, shock, sadness, humor, fear, and guilt. But be careful, many websites might inappropriately appeal to emotion. This is particularly true of political and business websites.
 * Pathos: Emotion**

An illusion is an indirect reference to a commonly known event, person, story, or piece of pop culture or history. It can function as ethos, logos, or pathos.
 * Allusion**

An analogy is a comparison of two different things, events, relationships, or situations for the purpose of encouraging readers to assume that what is true about one thing is also true about the other. Be careful to ask yourself the following questions when seeing an analogy: are the two things being compared similar to each other? does the comparison make sense? is the analogy truly relevant to the topic that is being presented?
 * Analogy**

An anecdote is a story—not necessarily about the author or any other real person. Anecdotes are a common rhetorical strategy, but there are dangers in relying too heavily on anecdotal support.
 * Anecdote**

An assertion is a declarative statement. But be careful, simply saying something is true doesn’t make it so. Here are some example assertions: 1) The death penalty is morally hypocritical, 2) Academic performance is negatively affected by poor sleep habits, and 3) Americans are afraid of the wrong things.
 * Assertion**

An authority is an expert who provides testimony, statistics, and/or facts to support an assertion. Be careful, because not all authority is equal. Authority’s are often introduced with a phrase like, “According to the American Dietetics Association…” or something similar.
 * Authority**